Behavior and Flight   Chair: Marcus Mitchell , Digital Domain   Animating Expressivity Through Effort Elements   The EMOTE animation paradigm uses Laban's Effort to parameterize expressive arm movements. Using only four textual parameters, it adds an intuitive interface to user-specified or procedurally generated character animation systems.   Diane Chi University of Pennsylvania 52-32 Revere Road Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 19026 USA chi@graphics.cis.upenn.edu   Declarative Behaviors for Virtual Creatures   VRCC, a concurrent-constraint programming language based on VRML, programs behaviors of autonomous creatures in 3D worlds. This sketch also described some simple behaviors derived from biologically inspired models of navigation.   Philippe Codognet University of Paris 6 LIP6, case 169 8 rue du Capitaine Scott Paris 75 015 FRANCE Philippe.Codognet@lip6.fr   Animating Bird Flight Using Aerodynamics   Aerodynamic principles are employed for physical animation of bird flight. Control of the flight trajectory is possible through direct or indirect control of the pitching moment.   Balajee Ramakrishnananda Center for Graphics and Imaging Technology c/o School of Applied Science Blk N4, #2A-32, Nan Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 SINGAPORE askcwong@ntu.edu.sg