Keyframe Control of Smoke Simulations
Adrien Treuille, Antoine McNamara, Zoran Popović, Jos Stam
ACM Transactions on Graphics, 22(3), July 2003, pp. 716-723.

Copyright: © 2003 Association for Computing Machinery

ISBN / ISSN: ISSN 0730-0301

Abstract

We describe a method for controlling smoke simulations through user-specified keyframes. To achieve the desired behavior, a continuous quasi-Newton optimization solves for appropriate "wind" forces to be applied to the underlying velocity field throughout the simulation. The cornerstone of our approach is a method to efficiently compute exact derivatives through the steps of a fluid simulation. We formulate an objective function corresponding to how well a simulation matches the user's keyframes, and use the derivatives to solve for force parameters that minimize this function. For animations with several keyframes, we present a novel multipleshooting approach. By splitting large problems into smaller overlapping subproblems, we greatly speed up the optimization process while avoiding certain local minima.

Keywords

Fluid Simulation, Inverse Control, Optimization

BibTeX Citation
  @article{Treuille:2003:KCO,
    title = "Keyframe Control of Smoke Simulations",
    author = "Adrien Treuille and Antoine McNamara and Zoran Popovi{\'{c}} and Jos Stam",
    journal = "ACM Transactions on Graphics",
    volume = 22,
    number = 3,
    month = jul, 
    year = 2003,
    pages = "716--723",
  }